Optimalisasi Personal Selling: Dampak Tidak Langsung terhadap Keputusan Pembelian
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Globalisasi dan perkembangan teknologi informasi telah membawa perubahan signifikan pada industri jasa keuangan, termasuk asuransi, yang kini menghadapi persaingan ketat dengan konsumen semakin selektif dalam memilih produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh personal selling terhadap keputusan pembelian, dengan perceived quality dan brand loyalty sebagai variabel mediasi pada PT Asuransi Umum Videi Kantor Cabang Semarang. Menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling, diperoleh 154 responden yang datanya dianalisis melalui Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) menggunakan SmartPLS 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa personal selling berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perceived quality dan brand loyalty, namun tidak memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap keputusan pembelian. Perceived quality berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, sedangkan brand loyalty tidak menunjukkan pengaruh langsung yang signifikan. Temuan ini juga mengungkap bahwa pengaruh personal selling terhadap keputusan pembelian bersifat tidak langsung melalui perceived quality. Meskipun brand loyalty dipengaruhi secara positif oleh personal selling, kontribusinya terhadap keputusan pembelian hanya bersifat tidak langsung. Secara keseluruhan, hubungan antarvariabel dalam penelitian ini tergolong rendah, sehingga penelitian selanjutnya disarankan memperluas cakupan wilayah dan populasi agar hasilnya dapat digeneralisasi lebih luas.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Aboalganam, K. M., & Alzghoul, A. (2025). The impact of digital marketing on the reputation of insurance companies: The role of service quality and brand trust. Insurance Markets and Companies, 16(1), 1. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ins.16(1).2025.01
Afriyani, I., & Kusumastuti, S. Y. (2023). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian terhadap Produk Asuransi Kesehatan Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(1), 291-302.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v3i1.15407
Afriyie, D. O., Loo, P. S., Kuwawenaruwa, A., Kassimu, T., Fink, G., Tediosi, F., & Mtenga, S. (2024). Understanding the role of the Tanzania national health insurance fund in improving service coverage and quality of care. Social Science & Medicine, 347, 116714.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116714
Amalia, E., & Arifin, A. Z. (2024). The Influence of Financial Literacy, Personal Sales, and Consumer Trust on Private Health Insurance Product Purchase Decisions
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24912/ijaeb.v2i1.2842-28512842
Amanda, D. P., & Aslami, N. (2021). Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Periklanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Polis Asuransi. VISA: Journal of Vision andIdeas, 1(3), 288-296. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47467/visa.v1i3.813
Andersson, S., Aagerup, U., Svensson, L., & Eriksson, S. (2024). Challenges and opportunities in the digitalization of the B2B customer journey. Journal of business & industrial marketing, 39(13), 160-174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-12-2023-0714
Andianto, K., & Firdausy, C. M. (2020). Pengaruh Perceived Value, Perceived Quality dan Customer Satisfaction terhadap Customer Loyalty Warunk Upnormal di Jakarta. Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan, 2(3), 758-764. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v2i3.9589
Anggarawati, L. K. A. (2022). Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Personal Selling, Kepercayaan Pelanggan Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ulang Produk Asuransi Berupa Premi Asuransi (Studi pada PT. Asuransi Allianz Life Indonesia, Unit Genteng Biru Denpasar) Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar].
Antony, J., Budi, H., & Sudaryanto, S. (2023). Determinants of insurance awareness and perceived value and their impact on unit linked insurance customer retention with the COVID-19 pandemic as moderator. Journal of Social Science, 4(2), 483-505.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v4i2.532
Audina, Z. P., & Ikaningtyas, M. (2025). Analisis Peran Personal Selling dalam Membangun Hubungan Kepercayaan dengan Klien pada Bussvision Allianz Surabaya. Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6578/triwikrama.v6i10.10116
Bakhshizadeh, E., & Aliasghari, H. (2023). Customer-based brand equity and customer behavioral intention: evidence from insurance service. https://doi.org/10.5585/REMARK.V22I1.20256
Bhatia, R., Bhat, A. K., & Tikoria, J. (2021). Life insurance purchase behaviour: A systematic review and directions for future research. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(6), 1149-1175.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12681
Castleberry, S. B., & Shepherd, C. D. (1993). Effective interpersonal listening and personal selling. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 13(1),35-49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.1993.10753935
Dewi Dirgantari, P., Yusary, S., Adi Wibowo, L., Murtadlo Hidayat, Y., Soeryanto Soegoto, E., Halim bin Mahphoth, M., & Aulia Martha, J. (2022). Increase brand loyalty through brand benefits on domestic products in Indonesia. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research, 9(5).
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v9i5.1059
Ewe, S. Y., & Ho, H. H. P. (2022). Patience, consideration and responsibility (PCR): emerging psychological capacities for coping with crisis and persistent changes in personal selling. Journal of Personal selling & sales ManageMent, 42(4), 392-405.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2022.2130344
Falahatgar, S., Chamanzamin, M. R., & Taleghani, M. (2021). the effect of competitive advantage strategies on customer loyalty: mediated role of brand identification and brand awareness (case study: Parsian insurance customers). Journal of System Management, 7(4), 229-252.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30495/jsm.2021.1943132. 1550
Hassan, M., Hassan, M.-u., & Uddin, I. (2021). A Literature Review on Dimensions of Brand Equity in The Insurance Industry Of Saudi Arabia. Jurnal Syariah, 29(3), 421-448.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22452/syariah.vol29no3.4
Hassana, M., Zakaib, S. N., Azeem, M., Qureshic, D. M. A. B., Sufyan, M., Ramishe,D. M.-u. H., & Udding, I. (2021). Descriptive dimensions of brand equity in the insurance industry of Pakistan: a literature review. Int J Innovation Creativity Change, 15(4), 1085-1097.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.v13i4.230
Hussien, M., Azage, M., & Bayou, N. B. (2022). Perceived quality of care among households ever enrolled in a community-based health insurance scheme in two districts of northeast Ethiopia: a community-based, cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 12(10), e063098.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063098
Isaak, L. L., & Setiawan, K. (2024). Personal Selling PT. Telkom Caringin Melalui Komunikasi Persuasif Dalam Peningkatan Penjualan Produk IndiHome. Karimah Tauhid, 3(1), 1265-1285.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i1.11552
Ismail, F. S., Sulaiman, N. N., Febrian, H. R., & Sinulingga, A. S. (2024). The Influence of Consumer Characteristics on Insurance Product Purchase Decisions at Pan Pacific Insurance. PT–Medan. Economic: Journal Economic and Business, 3(4), 183-188.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56495/ejeb.v3i4.696
Kristabel, A. J., Wijaya, S., & Jaolis, F. (2024). Post-COVID Insurance Purchase Intention: The Roles of Referral, Agent Characteristics, Influencer Credibility, Plan Value, and Trust. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 15(1 (30)), 51-73.
Kullberg, L., Blomqvist, P., & Winblad, U. (2025). How Private Health Insurance Shapes Perceptions of Public Healthcare in Sweden. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3941
Kusuma, A. A. (2025). Analisis Gaya Hidup dan Nilai Islam terhadap Pembelian Asuransi Syariah di Kalangan Gen Z. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 3(1), 238-244.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61722/jiem.v3i1.3492
Lusianti, D., Widodo, W., & Mulyana, M. (2024). Mas' uliyah Society Brand Resonance: Enhancing Sustainable Marketing Performance of the National Health Insurance Program. Qubahan Academic Journal, 4(3), 619-637. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v4n3a976
Maisyaroh, E., & Syahriza, R. (2021). Pengaruh Personal Selling Agen Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Nasabah Pada PT. Sun Life Financial Cabang Medan. Jurnal Manajemen Akuntansi (JUMSI), 1(4), 305-312. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36987/jumsi.v1i4.2641
Masud, M. M., Ahsan, M. R., Ismail, N. A., & Rana, M. S. (2021). The underlying drivers of household purchase behaviour of life insurance. Society and Business Review, 16(3), 442-458.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-08-2020-0103
Moradia Kaneria, A., Pathak, G., Sharma, P., & Gaware, R. (2024). A Study on Consumer Perception Towards the Insurance Products.
https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i6.2024.3022
Mwesige, R., Bonuke, R., & Situma, C. (2024). Insurance companies’ salesperson lead qualification skills and salesperson’s performance: mediating role of salesperson’s adaptive selling behavior. SEISENSE Business Review, 4(1), 14-28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33215/tkjsnk96
Nainggolan, E., Rinaldi, M., & Dalimunthe, M. B. (2022). Analysis Of The Effect Of Personal Sales And Product Quality On Consumer Purchase Decisions. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(2), 2431-2435.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v12i2.5 74
Nobanee, H., Alqubaisi, G. B., Alhameli, A., Alqubaisi, H., Alhammadi, N., Almasahli,S. A., & Wazir, N. (2021). Green and sustainable life insurance: A bibliometric review. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(11), 563.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14110563
Nurhalisa, V. (2023). Pengaruh Personal Selling dan Penggunaan Aplikasi Klik Indomaret terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Palopo].
Nurjanah, R., Zuhaena, F., Arinastuti, A., Pahlevi, A., Setiawan, H., Suzana, A. J., & Aisya, R. H. (2022). Pengaruh Citra Merek, Komunikasi Merek, Kewajaran Harga dan Perceived Quality terhadap Loyalitas Merek Pasta Gigi Nasa. 1.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25299/kiat.2021.vol32(1).7408
Nyarko, I. K. (2025). Exploring the Impact of Personal Selling on Life Insurance Promotion: Perspectives from a Leading Insurer in Ghana. Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 10, 88-101. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v10/3460
Permatasari, A. S., Listyorini, S., & Prihatini, A. E. (2022). Pengaruh Reputasi Merek dan Persepsi Kualitas Jasa terhadap Loyalitas Merek (Studi pada Pengunjung Hotel MG Setos Semarang). Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis, 11(2), 301-309.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/jiab.2022.34724
Prasetyo, E. Y., Sumarwan, U., & Hasanah, N. (2024). Enhancing Unit-linked Insurance Consumer Loyalty: The Role of Service Quality, Information Asymmetry, and Agent Marketing Strategies. Journal of Consumer Sciences, 9(1), 142-162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.9.1.142-162
Putra, A. (2024). The Influence Of Brand Loyalty And Service Quality On Consumer Purchase Decisions. Journal of Financial Management & Accounting, 1(2), 109-123.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2024.237 4211
Putra, M. B. A., & Lestari, W. D. (2023). Pengaruh Kesadaran Merek, Loyalitas Merek, dan Asosiasi Merek Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Produk Smartphone iPhone di Surakarta. Jurnal Ekuilnomi, 5(1), 165-172. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36985/wew6s967
Putri, P. J. C. (2024). Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Loyalitas Merek Pelanggan Asuransi Kesehatan Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 4(1), 795-804. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v4i1.18963
Putri, T. K., & Santoso, S. B. (2022). Analisis Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Loyalitas Merek dengan Kepercayaan Merek Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Pengguna Zalora Indonesia di wilayah Jabodetabek). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 11(3).https://doi.org/10.37034/infeb.v7i1.1086
Qomariyah, L., & Haryadi, D. (2022). Meningkatkan Loyalitas Merek Dengan Pengalaman Merek Melalui Cinta Merek dan Kepercayaan Merek. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 23(1), 38-57.
https://doi.org/10.30596/jimb.v23i1.9421
Ramadhan, E. F. (2023). Pengaruh Kepercayaan dan Kepuasan Pelanggan terhadap Kualitas Layanan Asuransi Kesehatan. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti 3(2), 3005- 3014.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v3i2.17114
Reiner, J., Wamsler, J., Bornemann, T., & Natter, M. (2025). How Insurance Prices Affect Consumers’ Purchase Decisions: Insurance Price as a Risk Signal. Journal of Marketing Research, 62(1), 154-169.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/00222437241270217
Richard, M., Ronald, B., Claire, S., & Brenda, K. (2024). Insurance company’s salespersons’ lead qualification skills and salespersons’ performance: moderated-mediation model of salespersons’ adaptive selling behavior and salespersons’ gender. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2421421.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2421421
Sari, D. P., & Padmantyo, S. (2025). Pengaruh Perceived Quality, Brand Satisfaction, dan Perceived Price Terhadap Repurchase Decision dengan Brand Loyalty sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Paradoks: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 8(1), 331-345.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57178/paradoks.v8i1.1095
Shekhar, S., & Jena, N. (2021). An Empirical Assessment Of Personal Selling As A Marketing Strategy In Indian Insurance Sector: A Case Of Private Insurers In Delhi And NCR Regional. International Journal of Management (IJM), 11(12).
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.11.12.2020.279
Sudiar, D. O., Mandai, S., & Santosa, B. (2023). Pengaruh Produk, Citra Merek, Periklanan, Harga, Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Polis Asuransi Kesehatan. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(1), 311-318.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v3i1.15410
Sudirjo, F., Pramono, S. A., Arief, I., Hermana, A. N., & Wardhani, A. R. S. K. (2024). Analysis of the Influence of Agents' Credibility Through Digital Media and Digital Promotions on Purchase Decisions Toward Insurance Products. Jurnal Informasi dan Teknologi, 272-277.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.60083/jidt.v6i1.514
Sudirjo, F., & Sulistiyani, S. (2023). Purchasing Decision Behaviours of Health Insurance Products and The Determinants of Competitive Advantage. Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (IJBE), 9(1), 163-163.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17358/ijbe.9.1.163
Sumarwoto, K. (2024). Pengaruh brand loyalty, brand image, dan perceived quality terhadap ekuitas merek perbankan syariah: studi pada nasabah perbankan syariah di DKI Jakarta.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634211035203
Tang, L., & Luo, X. (2021). Can agricultural insurance encourage farmers to apply biological pesticides? Evidence from rural China. Food Policy, 105, 102174.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102174
Telagawathi, N. L. W. S. T., & Yulianthini, N. N. (2022). The Pengaruh Personal Selling Agen Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Nasabah Asuransi Sun Life Financial Singaraja. Jemba: Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, Manajemen & Bisnis, Akuntansi, 2(1), 63-71.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52300/jemba.v2i1.3528
van Huyssteen, N., & Rudansky-Kloppers, S. (2024). Factors influencing consumers’ purchase decisions regarding personal motor vehicle insurance in South Africa. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2293488.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2293488
Wahyundari, S. P., Yusrizal, Y., & Nurwani, N. (2024). Pengaruh Personal Selling Dan Advertising Terhadap Penjualan Polis Asuransi (Studi Pada Bumida Cabang Medan). Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis Indonesia (JIBI), 2(1), 46-60.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61896/jibi.v2i1.65
Widayati, C. C., Malihah, F. D., Widjaja, P. H., & Yenita, Y. (2023). The Role of Purchasing Decisions in Mediating the Influence of Personal Selling, Price and Product Quality on Customer Satisfaction Using MICE Services. Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management (DIJDBM), 4(5).
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v4i4
Widjaja, F., Widnyana, I. W., & Sapta, I. K. S. (2021). The Role of Brand Image and Trust in Mediation the Influence of Service Quality on Brand Loyalty at PT. Asuransi Sinar Mas Denpasar. Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 7(8), 1846-1860.
Wiranata, A., & Yuliana, L. (2025). Analisis Selling Skill terhadap Penjualan Produk Asuransi Bank BCA Trunojoyo Jember. MASMAN Master Manajemen, 3(2), 113-124.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59603/masman.v3i2.822
Yi, H.-T., & Amenuvor, F. E. (2022). The effect of door-to-door salespeople’s individual sales capabilities on selling behavior and performance: the moderating effect of competitive intensity. Sustainability, 14(6), 3327.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063327
Yosua, A. (2021). Pengaruh Personal Selling, Brand Image, dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepercayaan (Trust) Konsumen dan Dampaknya Pada Keputusan Pembelian Polis Asuransi. Jurnal Syntax Transformation, 2(12), 1686-1699.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46799/jst.v2i12.465
Yunida, R., Permanasari, L., Wardhana, M. W., Shintia, N., & Anwar, H. (2023). The Effect of Personal Selling and Ease of Claim Settlement on the Increasing Number of Customers at PT. Jasindo Sharia Insurance Banjarmasin. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 3(01), 475-388.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.63922/ajmesc.v3i01.256
Aboalganam, K. M., & Alzghoul, A. (2025). The impact of digital marketing on the reputation of insurance companies: The role of service quality and brand trust. Insurance Markets and Companies, 16(1), 1.
https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ins.16(1).2025.01
Amanda, D. P., & Aslami, N. (2021). Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Periklanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Polis Asuransi. VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas, 1(3), 288-296.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47467/visa.v1i3.813
Ewe, S. Y., & Ho, H. H. P. (2022). Patience, consideration and responsibility (PCR): emerging psychological capacities for coping with crisis and persistent changes in personal selling. Journal of Personal selling & sales ManageMent, 42(4), 392-405.
Ghozali. (2021). Partial least squares konsep, teknik dan aplikasi menggunakan program smartpls 3.0 untuk penelitian empiris. Semarang: Badan Penerbit UNDIP, 4(1), 35-46.
Gün, İ. (2024). Effect of switching cost on repurchase intention: A mediation model. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(36), 308-330. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15182/diclesosbed.1453472
Gün, İ., & Söyük, S. (2025). The serial mediation effect of perceived quality and customer satisfaction on the relationship between trust and repurchase intention: a research on private health insurance owners. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 1-17.
Mucha, L. (2024). Applying the theory of planned behavior to examine the customer behavior towards craft bakery products: evidence from Hungary. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1-13.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04060-8
Permatasari, A. S., Listyorini, S., & Prihatini, A. E. (2022). Pengaruh Reputasi Merek dan Persepsi Kualitas Jasa terhadap Loyalitas Merek (Studi pada Pengunjung Hotel MG Setos Semarang). Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis, 11(2), 301-309.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/jiab.2022.34724
Preston, C. C., &, & Colman, A. M. (2000). Optimal number of response categories in rating scales: reliability, validity, discriminating power, and respondent preferences. Acta psychologica, 104(1), 1-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(99)00050-5
Preston, C. C., & Colman, A. M. (2000). Optimal number of response categories in rating scales: reliability, validity, discriminating power, and respondent preferences. Acta psychologica, 104(1), 1-15.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(99)00050-5
Richard, M., Ronald, B., Claire, S., & Brenda, K. (2024). Insurance company’s salespersons’ lead qualification skills and salespersons’ performance: moderated-mediation model of salespersons’ adaptive selling behavior and salespersons’ gender. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2421421.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2421421
Subyantoro, A., Hikmah, K., & Nasrulloh, R. (2021). Peran Pengetahuan Lokal Petani Terhadap Kinerja. Yogyakarta. Deepublish.
Terry, D. J., Gallois, C., & McCamish, M. (1993). The Theory of Reasoned Action Its Application to Aids-preventive Behavior. New York. Pergamon Press.
Yi, H.-T., & Amenuvor, F. E. (2022). The effect of door-to-door salespeople’s individual sales capabilities on selling behavior and performance: the moderating effect of competitive intensity. Sustainability, 14(6), 3327.
Yunida, R., Permanasari, L., Wardhana, M. W., Shintia, N., & Anwar, H. (2023). The Effect of Personal Selling and Ease of Claim Settlement on the Increasing Number of Customers at PT. Jasindo Sharia Insurance Banjarmasin. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 3(01), 475-388.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.63922/ajmesc.v3i01.256
Zhang, R., & Chen, M. (2023). Predicting online shopping intention: the theory of planned behavior and live e-commerce. SHS Web of Conferences, 155( ), 02008. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315502008